2015年9月24日 星期四

western literature 2

Apollo



Apollo is God of music, poetry, art, oracles, archery, plague, medicine, sun, light and knowledge.


Apollo’s symbol: lyre七絃琴
Lyre is a string instrument known for its use in Greek classical antiquity and later periods. 

 Athena


Athena is the goddess of wisdom, courage, inspiration, civilization, law and justice, mathematics, strength, war strategy, the arts, crafts.


The birth of Athena: Zeus lay with Metis, the goddess of crafty thought and wisdom, but he immediately feared the consequences. It had been prophesied that Metis would bear children more powerful than the sire, even Zeus himself. In order to forestall these dire consequences, after lying with Metis, Zeus “put her away inside his own belly”; he “swallowed her down all of a sudden”. He was too late: Metis had already conceived. Eventually Zeus experienced an enormous headache; Prometheus, Hephaestus, Hermes, Ares, or Palaemon cleaved Zeus’ head with the double-headed Minoan axe, the labrys. Athena leaped from Zeus’ head, fully grown and armed, with a shout.
Athena's symbol: owls

In Greek mythology, an owl traditionally represents or accompanies Athena, the virgin goddess of wisdom. Because of such association, the bird has been used as a symbol of knowledge, wisdom, perspicacity and erudition throughout the Western world.

Dionysus


Dionysus is the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness, fertility, theatre and religious ecstasy in Greek mythology. 

Asclepius

 

Asclepius was a god of medicine in ancient Greek religion and mythology. 

Asclepius's symbol: Rod of Asclepius  (⚕)


Rod of Asclepius is a serpent-entwined rod wielded by the Greek god Asclepius, a deity associated with healing and medicine. The symbol has continued to be used in modern times, where it is associated with medicine and health care.

Socrates


Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy. He is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon and the plays of his contemporary Aristophanes. 

Poseidon


Poseidon is one of the twelve Olympian deities (Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, Hephaestus, Hermes and either Hestia, or Dionysus) of the pantheon in Greek mythology. His main domain is the ocean, and he is called the "God of the Sea". Additionally, he is referred to as "Earth-Shaker" due to his role in causing earthquakes.

Words
Dia- completely
Diagnosis
Dia- going apart
Diaspora dialect
De- down, away from
Deport departure depreciate
Mono- one
Monotheistic
Poly- much, many
Monopoly polytheistic
Ium, eum- sideline
Aquarium auditorium coliseum


2015年9月17日 星期四

western literature 1

Literature
The three big questions you should ask yourself:
What is western literature?
What is that for?
Why should we care?
The definition of literature:
14th century: polite learning through reading.
18th century: practice and profession of writing.
19th century: high skills of writing in the context of imagination.
Robert Forest: performance in words.
Modern definition: to achieve identifiable literary quality and convey messages.
The reason why we should learn literature:
Language proficiency
Learn more about western culture
Explore the nature of human (having physical and psychological relief.)
How to study literature:
Analytical approach
Thematic approach
Historical approach

Orientation
Allusion:
Three allusions in western literature:
Biblical allusion
Classical allusion
Literary allusion
Sappho: was a Greek lyric poet, born on the island of Lesbos.  


















Lesbian: female homosexual.
Aphrodite: the Greek Goddess of love, beauty, pleasure, and procreation. Her Roman equivalent is the goddess Venus.

Words
Ori- beginning
Mediterranean
Med-middle
Ter-territory, land
Ac-take

Quote

“Keep your friends close, and your enemy closer.”